Intelligent Design

Biblical literalists have disliked evolution from the beginning. The antievolution movement reached a peak with the Scopes Trial in 1925. The issue arose again in the 1960s when biology curricula were revised in response to the Soviet space program. In the 1970s fundamentalists sought to incorporate "Scientific Creationism" into school curricula. Both Arkansas and Louisiana passed laws incorporating "Scientific Creationism", but these laws were struck down by the Federal courts for having "no secular purpose".

In the 1990s, the Intelligent Design (ID) movement arose. ID argues that there are two types of evolution, microevolution, which is pretty much standard Darwinism, and macroevolution, which creates new structures and proceeds by "design" and not evolution. The designer is not specified making this a "secular concept". This movement is promoted by the Discovery Institute (Seattle) and it's foremost spokesperson is Phillip Johnson, an emeritus University of California law professor. The Discovery Institute supports incorporating ID or related concepts like "teaching the controversy" into high school biology curricula (notably in Ohio) despite the fact that the scientific literature supports neither ID nor "controversy".